Math modeling is reasoning by analogy.  We need
good analogies.
The arithmetical procedures involved in our physical reasoning by
mathematical analogy, especially the parts of the procedures that
are external to pure math (manipulation of dimensional numbers,
scaling rules for algebraic simplification, modeling of physical
laws)   CAN BE CHECKED.
That checking is external to axiomatic logic, but is a
matching process, basically similar to the matching
processes on which measurement and practical experience
are based.
The “rigor” of construction by postulates isn’t  available here.
The rigor of the instrument maker is available.