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(7385 previous messages)
manjumicha
- 09:44pm Jan 5, 2003 EST (#
7386 of 7409)
Here is the actual text of the US-NK agreement: Here is the
actual text of the formal agreement, which is suprisingly
short:
Agreed Framework between the DPRK and the US Geneva,
October 21, 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Delegations of the governments of the Democratic People's
Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the United States of America
(U.S.) held talks in Geneva from September 23 to October 21,
1994, to negotiate an overall resolution of the nuclear issue
on the Korean Peninsula.
Both sides reaffirmed the importance of attaining the
objectives contained in the August 12, 1994 agreed statement
between the DPRK and the U.S. and upholding the principles of
the June 11, 1993 joint statement of the DPRK and the U.S. to
achieve peace and security on a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula.
The DPRK and the U.S. decided to take the following actions
for the resolution of the nuclear issue:
I. Both sides will cooperate to replace the DPRK's
graphite-moderated reactors and related facilities with
light-water reactor (LWR) power plants.
1) In accordance with the October 20, 1994 letter of
assurance from the U.S. President, the U.S. will undertake to
make arrangements for the provision to the DPRK of a LWR
project with a total generating capacity of approximately
2,000 MW (e) by a target date of 2003.
-- The U.S. will organize under its leadership an
international consortium to finance and supply the LWR project
to be provided to the DPRK. The U.S., representing the
international consortium, will serve as the principal point of
contact with the DPRK for the LWR project.
-- The U.S., representing the consortium, will make best
efforts to secure the conclusion of a supply contract with the
DPRK within six months of the date of this document for the
provision of the LWR project. Contract talks will begin as
soon as possible after the date of this document.
-- As necessary, the DPRK and the U.S. will conclude a
bilateral agreement, for cooperation in the field of peaceful
uses of nuclear energy.
2) In accordance with the October 20, 1994 letter of
assurance from the U.S. President, the U.S., representing the
consortium, will make arrangements to offset the energy
forgone due to the freeze of the DPRK's graphite-moderated
reactors and related facilities, pending completion of the
first LWR unit.
-- Alternative energy will be provided in the form of heavy
oil for heating and electricity production.
-- Deliveries of heavy oil will begin within three months
of the date of this document and will reach a rate of 500,000
tons annually, in accordance with an agreed schedule of
deliveries.
3) Upon receipt of U.S. assurances for the provision of
LWRs and for arrangements for interim energy alternatives, the
DPRK will freeze its graphite-moderated reactors and related
facilities and will eventually dismantle these reactors and
related facilities.
-- The freeze on the DPRK's graphite-moderated reactors and
related facilities will be fully implemented within one month
of the date of this document. During this one-month period,
and throughout the freeze, the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) will be allowed to monitor this freeze, and the
DPRK will provide full cooperation to the IAEA for this
purpose.
-- Dismantlement of the DPRK's graphite-moderated reactors
and related facilities will be completed when the LWR project
is completed.
-- The DPRK and the U.S. will cooperate in finding a method
to store safely the spent fuel from the 5 MW (e) experimental
reactor during the construction of the LWR project, and to
dispose of the fuel in a safe manner that does not involve
reprocessing in the DPRK.
4) As soon as possible after the date of this document.
DPRK and U.S. experts will hold two sets of experts talks.
-- At one set of talks, experts will discuss issues related
to alternative energy and
manjumicha
- 09:45pm Jan 5, 2003 EST (#
7387 of 7409)
continued:
-- At one set of talks, experts will discuss issues related
to alternative energy and the replacement of the
graphite-moderated reactor program with the LWR project.
-- At the other set of talks, experts will discuss specific
arrangements for spent fuel storage and ultimate disposition.
II. The two sides will move toward full normalization of
political and economic relations.
l) Within three months of the date of this document, both
sides will reduce barriers to trade and investment, including
restrictions on telecommunications services and financial
transactions.
2) Each side will open a liaison office in the other's
capital following resolution of consular and other technical
issues through expert-level discussions.
3) As progress is made on issues of concern to each side,
the DPRK and the U.S. will upgrade bilateral relations to the
ambassadorial level.
III. Both sides will work together for peace and security
on a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula.
1) The U.S. will provide formal assurances to the DPRK
against the threat or use of nuclear weapons by the U.S.
2) The DPRK will consistently take steps to implement the
North-South Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the
Korean Peninsula.
3) The DPRK will engage in north-south dialogue, as this
agreed framework will help create an atmosphere that promotes
such dialogue.
IV. Both sides will work together to strengthen the
international nuclear non-proliferation regime.
1) The DPRK will remain a party to the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and will allow
implementation of its safeguards agreement under the treaty.
2) Upon conclusion of the supply contract for the provision
of the LWR project, ad hoc and routine inspections will resume
under the DPRK's safeguards agreement with the IAEA with
respect to the facilities not subject to the freeze. Pending
conclusion of the supply contract, inspections required by the
IAEA for the continuity of safeguards will continue at the
facilities not subject to the freeze.
3) When a significant portion of the LWR project is
completed, but before delivery of key nuclear components, the
DPRK will come into full compliance with its safeguards
agreement with the IAEA (INFCIRC/403), including taking all
steps that may be deemed necessary by the IAEA, following
consultations with the agency with regard to verifying the
accuracy and completeness of the DPRK's initial report on all
nuclear material in the DPRK.
(signed) Kang Sok Ju, Head of the Delegation of the
Democratic People's Republic of Korea, First Vice-Minister of
Foreign Affairs of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Robert L. Gallucci, Head of the Delegation of the United
States of America, Ambassador at Large of the United States of
America
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